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The term Stoic categories refers to Stoic ideas regarding categories of being: the most fundamental classes of being for all things. The Stoics believed there were four categories (substance, quality, disposition, relative disposition) which were the ultimate divisions. Since we do not now possess even a single complete work by Zeno of Citium, Cleanthes or Chrysippus what we do know must be pieced together from a number of sources: doxographies and the works of other philosophers who discuss the Stoics for their own purposes.() ==Overview== The present information comes from Plotinus and Simplicius, with additional evidence from Plutarch of Chaeronea and Sextus Empiricus. According to both Plotinus and Simplicius there were four Stoic categories, to wit: * substance (ὑποκείμενον ( )) * * The primary matter, formless substance (''ousia'') which makes up things. * quality (ποιόν ( )) * * The way in which matter is organized to form an individual object. In Stoic physics, a physical ingredient (''pneuma'': air or breath) which informs the matter. * somehow disposed (πὼς ἔχον (échon'' ) * * Particular characteristics, not present within the object, such as size, shape, action, and posture. * somehow disposed in relation to something (πρός τί πως ἔχον (tí pos échon'' )) * * Characteristics which are related to other phenomena, such as the position of an object within time and space relative to other objects. A simple example of the Stoic categories in use is provided by Jacques Brunschwig: I am a certain lump of matter, and thereby a substance, an existent something (and thus far that is all); I am a man, and this individual man that I am, and thereby qualified by a common quality and a peculiar one; I am sitting or standing, disposed in a certain way; I am the father of my children, the fellow citizen of my fellow citizens, disposed in a certain way in relation to something else.〔Jacques Brunschwig (2003), ''The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics'', ed. Brad Inwood, page 228, Cambridge University Press〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stoic categories」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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